![]() Triplet oxygen 3O 2 is the triplet ground state of dioxygen. Dioxygen (O 2) (free oxygen) occurs in two major forms: triplet and singlet. It tends to quickly bond with nearby molecules. Atomic oxygen (O 1) is a very reactive allotrope of oxygen. Examples of allotropes of oxygen are atomic oxygen, dioxygen, ozone, and tetraoxygen. Its NA is 0.2%.Īn allotrope of an element pertains to any of the multiple substances formed by only one type of element. Oxygen-18 ( 18O) has 10 neutrons and 8 protons in its nucleus. Its NA is 0.0373% in seawater and 0.0377421% in seawater. Oxygen-17 ( 17O) has 9 neutrons and 8 protons in its nucleus. It is the most abundant oxygen isotope and accounts for 99.762% of natural abundance (NA, i.e. Oxygen-16 ( 16O) has 8 neutrons and 8 protons in its nucleus. The naturally-occurring isotopes of oxygen are Oxygen-16, Oxygen-17, and Oxygen-18. It has a density of 21 cm 3/mol in the α-phase to 23.5 cm 3/mol in the γ-phase. Solid oxygen is another physical state of oxygen that forms at normal atmospheric pressure at a temperature below −218.79 ☌. Presently, it is used in military aircraft and gas industries. 1 The liquid oxygen is pale blue in color, the density of 1.141 g/cm 3, the boiling point of −182.96 ☌ at 101.325 kPa (760 mmHg), and freezing point of −218.79 ☌. In 1883, oxygen was liquefied in a stable state for the first time. In the 18th and 19th centuries, scientists learned that the air components could be liquefied by compressing and cooling the air. Its density at STP is 1.49 g/L at 0☌ and 760 mm The melting point of oxygen is -218.79 ☌. However, at higher temperatures, it becomes very active that it is considered as one of the most powerful chemical agents. At room temperature, oxygen is only moderately active with most substances. It is capable of combining with all elements, with the exception of fluorine, to form oxides, bases, oxyacid anhydrides, etc. It is a reactive nonmetal with an electron configuration of He 2s 2 2p 4. In the periodic table, it belongs to the chalcogens. Oxygen is a natural gaseous element with an atomic number of 8 and an atomic weight of 15.96.
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